China’s overall concessions in the CAI have so far fallen short of the EU's expectations. Apparently, Beijing will not move sufficiently on the issue of competitive distortions without more negotiation pressure.

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Canada has a large Chinese diaspora that, amid closer economic and social interactions with China, has also become the target in recent years of attempts by Beijing to manipulate government policy, society, and academic institutions. Among the many reasons why China has the incentive to use “sharp power” to interfere with Canada are the latter’s membership in the Five Eyes intelligence community and NATO; its longstanding alliance with China’s principal competitor, the United States; and a democratic system and observance of rule of law based largely on Western concepts that have increasingly clashed with the CCP’s revisionist – and now arguably global – aspirations.

Jordan and Turkey maintain long ties that go back to the early 1990s. In 1994, Jordan and Turkey established the Turkish-Jordanian Business Council. The aim of the Council is to serve as a model for joint businesses between the two countries. The Council encourages both countries’ private sectors to reciprocate their trade and investments. In 2011, Jordan and Turkey have also signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that removes tariff barriers and facilitates bilateral trade and investments.